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Raytron Technical Review RESEARCH ARTICLE cca-motor-windings

CCA in Motor Windings: Efficiency Considerations

Gao-Lei Xu1 *

1RAYTRON Group Technology Research Center, China

*Corresponding author

Received: 2025-12 Accepted: 2026-02 Published: 03/2026
DOI: 10.1234/raytron.2026.WP-02-09

1. Introduction

1.1 Motor Winding Requirements

1.2 CCA Feasibility

etc.

MEDIA TODO
Figure Fig. 1 Motor Efficiency Class Distribution

2. Motor Efficiency Standards

2.1 IE Efficiency Classes

3. Loss Analysis

3.1 Stator Copper Loss

PCu = 3I²R
(1)

For CCA-62%: PCCA ≈ 1.60 × PCu

Diagram placeholder

MEDIA TODO
Figure Fig. 2 Stator Loss Comparison

4. Thermal Considerations

5. Design Modifications

6. Conclusion

CCA is suitable for small motors with lower efficiency classes; high-efficiency motors require careful evaluation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can CCA be used in motor windings?

CCA can be used in motor windings for lower efficiency class motors (IE1). For higher efficiency classes (IE3, IE4, IE5), CCA's higher resistance makes it difficult to meet efficiency requirements without significant design modifications.

What efficiency impact does CCA have on motors?

CCA-62% increases stator copper losses by approximately 60%. For an 11 kW motor, this typically reduces efficiency from 91.7% (copper) to 89.9% (CCA), a drop of about 1.8 percentage points.

Which IE efficiency classes can CCA motors achieve?

IE1 (standard efficiency) is achievable with CCA. IE2 may be possible with oversized conductors. IE3 and above are very challenging due to stringent efficiency requirements. IE5 is generally not feasible with CCA.

What design modifications are needed for CCA motors?

Using CCA requires larger conductor cross-sections to compensate for higher resistance, more efficient cooling systems to handle increased losses, and potentially redesigned magnetic circuits. These modifications may offset some cost savings.

Figures

Create Motor Efficiencyetc. Grade Distribution Diagram

Fig. 1 Motor Efficiency Class Distribution

Stator Loss Comparison Diagram

Fig. 2 Stator Loss Comparison

Tables

Table 1 Motor Winding Requirements
RequirementTypical ValueCCA Impact
Efficiency85-95%CCA Lower
Temperature Rise<80°CCCA Higher
Service Life20+YearDesignPhaseSimilar
Table 2 IE Efficiency Classes
ClassEfficiency (4-pole,11kW)CCA Feasibility
IE187.6%Possible
IE289.8%Increased Large Dimension Possible
IE391.4%Challenge
IE493.0%Very Difficult
IE594.5%Non-Feasible
Table 3 Loss Budget
Loss ComponentTypical %CCA Impact
Stator Copper Loss30-40%+60% Higher
Rotor Copper Loss15-25%N/A (Die Cast)
Iron Loss20-30%No Variation
Mechanical Loss10-20%No Variation
Table 4 Efficiency Impact Example (11kW)
WindingStator LossTotal LossEfficiency
Cu400W1000W91.7%
CCA-62%640W1240W89.9%

References

  1. IEC IEC 60034-30: Motor Efficiency Classes IEC (2020)
  2. NEMA NEMA MG 1: Motors and Generators NEMA (2021)
XU

Gaolei Xu

Senior Materials Scientist

Credentials & Honors

  • CTO, Raytron Group
  • Zhejiang Provincial High-level Talent Special Support Program - Young Talent
  • Shaoxing "Technology Vice President"
  • Shaoxing Science and Technology Commissioner
  • Member of National Technical Committee 243 on Heavy Metals (SAC/TC 243/SC2)

National Standards (Lead Author) View Official

Patents (Inventor) Search Patents

  • CN104959396A - Production Process of Copper Strip for Composite Contact Materials
  • CN106077125A - Production Process of Copper Profile for Magnetic Pole Coils
  • CN201410710206 - Conductive Material for High-speed Railway Traction Motors and Production Method
  • CN201310719717 - Method for Controlling Strip Shape of Copper Strip Blank by Continuous Extrusion
  • CN201310720126 - Device for Controlling Strip Shape of Copper Strip Blank by Continuous Extrusion
  • CN201310376884 - Five-in-one Copper Strip Edge Treatment Equipment for Transformers
  • CN201420184755 - Continuous Extrusion Die Flow Promotion Device
  • CN201320761640 - Continuous Extrusion Waste Cleaning Device

Areas of Expertise

Copper-Clad Aluminum (CCA) Technology Copper-Clad Steel (CCS) Manufacturing Bimetallic Composite Materials PV Ribbon for Solar Cells Battery Tab Materials for EV Applications Continuous Extrusion Technology

Selected Publications

  • Research and Application of Rolling Method for Manufacturing Metal Laminated Composites, Aluminum Processing Journal, 2008
  • Annealing Process Research of Copper-Aluminum Composite Strip
  • Research on Preparation Process of Copper/Aluminum Composite Strip for Cables
  • Interface Microstructure Evolution of Rolled Copper/Aluminum Composite Strip During Annealing

Mr. Xu Gaolei is a distinguished expert in non-ferrous metal processing with over 15 years of experience. He is recognized as a Young Talent under the Zhejiang Provincial High-level Talent Special Support Program. He leads R&D initiatives in bimetallic composite technologies and has contributed significantly to the standardization of copper and bimetallic materials in China.

Click standard/patent codes to view official documents

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Our technical team is the author of multiple Chinese national standards, with 30 years of industry experience and 34 patents, delivering professional bimetallic composite material solutions. Contact us for technical support and product quotes.

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